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Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease, the leading cause of death globally, accounting for an estimated 17.3 million deaths annually. It is characterized by abnormal lipid and lipoprotein concentrations, including elevated total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and reduced HDL cholesterol. This study investigated the prevalence and predictors of dyslipidemia in adults aged ≥40 years residing in Ayigya, a peri-urban suburb of the Kumasi Metropolis.
A cross-sectional design was employed with 60 participants selected through systematic random sampling. Data collection included fasting blood glucose for diabetes status, lipid profile testing, and structured questionnaires capturing demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and health behaviors. Logistic regression was applied to determine predictors of dyslipidemia.
Results showed that 17 participants (28.3%) were dyslipidemic, while 43 (71.7%) had normal lipid profiles. Of those at risk, 11 (64.7%) were aged ≥50 years, and 6 (35.3%) were <50 years. Among those with normal lipid levels, 31 (72.1%) were ≥50 years, and 12 (27.9%) were <50 years. Age showed no significant association with dyslipidemia. Logistic regression revealed that higher educational attainment and diabetes status significantly increased dyslipidemia risk.
These findings indicate that dyslipidemia in this population is influenced more by lifestyle and metabolic factors than by age. Public health interventions should prioritize healthy lifestyle promotion among educated individuals and targeted strategies for people living with diabetes.