Speaker
Description
Assistive technologies (ATs) that support mobility and accessibility in transport for Persons with Disabilities (PwDs) remain limited, with provision often restricted to basic personal aids and little integration into public transport systems in developing countries. This gap undermines inclusive urban mobility and leaves many PwDs underserved. Against this backdrop, this study provides empirical evidence by evaluating awareness, adoption, and perceived effectiveness of AT among PwDs in Greater Kumasi, Ghana. Using a semi-structured interview guide, data were collected through in-person interviews with 100 PwDs, comprising individuals with physical, visual, hearing, and speaking impairments. Quantitative analysis employed chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests to assess associations between disability type, AT awareness, use, and perceived effectiveness, while open-ended responses were thematically analyzed to capture PwDs lived experiences. The findings show that although 72% of respondents were aware of ATs, their knowledge and use primarily centered on personal aids, such as wheelchairs, crutches, and contact lenses. Awareness of system-integrated technologies, such as low-floor buses, screen readers, and tactile paving, was minimal, indicating limited availability. Both awareness (X² = 19.5, df = 3, p < .001) and frequency of use (X² = 43.1, df = 9, p < .001) varied significantly by disability type, with physical and visual impairments associated with higher adoption rates. A Kruskal-Wallis test (X² = 21.9, df = 3, p < .001) further revealed significant variation in perceived AT effectiveness, with respondents with speech impairments reporting the lowest perceived benefit. An Assistive Technology Priority Index (ATPI) that combines the severity of accessibility challenges with AT availability and usage revealed the largest unmet needs among persons with speaking impairments (priority score = 61.32), followed by those with hearing impairments (priority score = 23.24). Needs for physical and visual disabilities (priority scores of 1.08 and 2.67, respectively) were comparatively better served. These findings highlight a disproportionate emphasis on mobility aids and a neglect of communication and sensory-support technologies. Closing these gaps is essential for achieving fair accessibility in Ghana’s transportation system and for ensuring that AT provision goes beyond physical disabilities to meet the diverse needs of all PwDs.