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Background: Adolescent sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is a major global concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Parent–adolescent SRH communication is widely recognized as a protective factor against risky sexual behaviors, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and unintended pregnancies. This study explored the approaches Ghanaian parents use to communicate SRH information with their adolescents.
Methods: A qualitative descriptive design was employed. Interviews were conducted with 10 parent–adolescent dyads selected purposively from the Asante Akyem North Municipality, with sample size determined by data saturation. Data were analyzed thematically using Braun and Clarke’s framework, and managed with Atlas.ti version 23.0.7.
Findings: Two broad themes emerged, namely: timing of sexual and reproductive health information communication, and sexual and reproductive health information communication style. The study highlights varying parental approaches to sexual and reproductive health communication, ranging from proactive and open to authoritative communication. While some parents provided cautionary guidance to prevent risks like teenage pregnancy, others used indirect methods such as storytelling, personal experiences, or humor. Additionally, a gradual approach was common, with sensitive topics introduced progressively as comfort levels increased.
Conclusion: Parent–adolescent SRH communication in Ghana is complex and shaped by cultural norms, parental confidence, and perceptions of adolescent maturity. The variations observed suggest the need for interventions that strengthen parents’ skills and promote culturally appropriate strategies to enhance SRH communication.